A Charolais Breeder is a farmer that produces and breeds Charolais, these cows are normally registered purebred animals. The breeder is given a unique, one of a kind number for tattooing. The sub-breed site is dedicated to the Master Sub-breed List and is the only official subbreed list. It is kept and cared for by the moderators of the official Creature Breeder site and forum. The sub-breed site is not directly associated with CreatureBreeder.com.
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( March 2013) The following list of cat breeds includes only. The list includes established breeds recognized by various, new and experimental breeds, being established as standardized breeds, distinct domestic populations not being actively developed and lapsed (extinct) breeds.(TICA) recognises 71 standardised breeds, the (CFA) recognises 44, and (FIFe) recognises 43.Inconsistency in breed classification and naming among registries means that an individual animal may be considered different breeds by different registries (though not necessarily eligible for registry in them all, depending on its exact ancestry).
For example, TICA's Himalayan is considered a colorpoint variety of the Persian by CFA, while the Javanese (or Colorpoint Longhair) is a color variation of the Balinese in TICA and CFA; both breeds are merged (along with the Colorpoint Shorthair) into a single 'mega-breed', the Colourpoint, by the (WCF), who have repurposed the name 'Javanese' for the. Also, 'Colourpoint Longhair' refers to different breeds in other registries. There are many examples of nomenclatural overlap and differences of this sort. Furthermore, many geographical and cultural names for cat breeds are fanciful selections made by Western breeders to be exotic sounding and bear no relationship to the actual origin of the breeds; the Balinese, Javanese, and Himalayan are all examples of this trend.The and types are not breeds, but terms used (with various spellings) in the to describe cats of a general type, by coat length, that do not belong to a particular breed. Some registries permit them to be and they have been used as in the establishment of some breeds.
They should not be confused with standardised breeds with similar names, such as British Shorthair and Oriental Longhair. It is possible that the Abyssinian originated in Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia) but there is no record of agouti cats in Ethiopia. It is likely that they originated from somewhere in Asia, but there is not a solid record. The Cymric is often classed as a long-haired variety of the Manx rather than a separate breed, e.g., as the 'Semi-longhair Manx Variant' in the (GCCF). There may be some dispute to the exact origins of the Cymric. The specific dominant autosomal gene (M) that causes the Manx tail of the Cymric was found in the cats living on the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea.
However, the breed itself was developed by a Canadian breeder named Blair Wright and an American breeder named Leslie Falteisek in the 1960s from the Isle of Man population. Some registries, such as the CFA and the TICA, classify the Himalayan as a colorpoint variety of the Persian. Others classify it as a long-haired subbreed of the Siamese. The WCF has combined the Himalayan, the Colorpoint Shorthair and the Javanese/Colorpoint Longhair into a single breed, the Colorpoint. Due to artifacts and prints dating from as early as the 11th century found in many Eastern countries, there is some likelihood these cats may have originated in China, then were brought to Japan.
However, the first known importation of Japanese Bobtails was from Japan in the 1960s. 'Colorpoint Longhair' and 'Javanese' has been used for at least one other breed; the WCF uses the 'Javanese' name for the (not colorpointed). The WCF has also merged the colorpointed Javanese/Colorpoint Longhair, the Himalayan and the Colorpoint Shorthair of other registries into a single breed, the Colorpoint. In the CFA, the TICA and some other registries, the Javanese/Colorpoint Longhair has been merged back into the Balinese as a division. ^ In some registries, including the CFA, the Oriental Shorthair and Oriental Longhair are a single breed, the Oriental, with two divisions.
Thai is a recently established new name for the original, rounder-faced, thicker-bodied Siamese. Archived from on 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2010-04-27. Somerville, Louisa (2007). The Ultimate Guide to Cat Breeds. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books. There is a lot of confusion surrounding the use of this name in the cat world, although it is always used to describe cats of distinctly Oriental type.
It has been adopted simply because of the tradition which has grown up for using the names of countries and islands from south-eastern Asian for other Oriental breeds, such as the Siamese and Balinese. ^ 'The Royal Canin Cat Encyclopedia', Aniwa Publishing: Paris, 2005. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
Blenheim Cavalier King Charles SpanielOriginUnited KingdomTraitsWeight13–18 lb (5.9–8.2 kg)Height12–13 inches (30–33 cm)ColourBlenheim, Black and Tan, Ruby, and Tri-ColourClassification / standardsGroup 9, Section 7 English Toy Spaniels #136ToyGroup 1 (Toys)Group 5 – ToysToyToyCompanion Breeds( Canis lupus familiaris)The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is a small classed as a by and the, that originated in the. Since 2000, it has grown in popularity in the United States and ranks as the 19th most popular pure-breed in the United States.
It has a silky, smooth coat and commonly a smooth tail. The breed standard recognizes four colors: Blenheim (chestnut and white), (black/white/tan), Black and Tan,. The breed is generally friendly, affectionate and good with both children and other animals; however, they require a lot of human interaction. Since they are family dogs, it is recommended to not leave one alone for long periods at a time. The expected average lifespan of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel is between nine and fourteen years.The Cavalier King Charles changed dramatically in the late 17th century, when it was interbred with flat-nosed breeds.
Until the 1920s, the Cavalier shared the same history as the smaller. Breeders attempted to recreate what they considered to be the original configuration of the breed, a dog resembling 's King Charles Spaniel of the. Various health issues affect this particular breed. Correct Ruby Cavalier King Charles Spaniel; uniform chestnut colour, with no white markings; ears and slippers are often slightly lighter but dark chestnut colour should predominateDuring the early part of the 18th century, kept red and white King Charles type spaniels for hunting.
The duke recorded that they were able to keep up with a trotting horse. His estate was named in honor of his victory at the. Because of this influence, the red and white variety of the King Charles Spaniel and thus the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel became known as the Blenheim.Attempts were made to recreate the original Cavalier King Charles Spaniel as early as the turn of the 20th century, using the now extinct. These attempts were documented by, in the book 'Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors Including the History And Management of Toy Spaniels, Pekingese, Japanese and Pomeranians' published under the name of the 'Hon.
Mrs Neville Lytton' in 1911. Divergence from King Charles Spaniel In 1926, the American Roswell Eldridge offered a dog show class prize of twenty-five pounds of sterling silver each as a prize for the best male and females of 'Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in pictures of 's time, long face, no stop, flat skull, not inclined to be domed, with spot in center of skull.' The breeders of the era were appalled, although several entered what they considered to be sub-par Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in the competition. Eldridge died before seeing his plan come to fruition, but several breeders believed in what he said and in 1928 the first Cavalier club was formed. The first standard was created, based on a dog named 'Ann's Son' owned by Mostyn Walker, and the recognized the variety as 'King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type'.The caused a drastic setback to the emerging breed, with the vast majority of breeding stock destroyed because of wartime hardship and food shortages. For instance, in the Ttiweh Cavalier Kennel, the population of sixty dogs dropped to three during the 1940s. Following the war, few dogs survived as the new beginning from which all present-day Cavaliers descend.
And in 1945, the Kennel Club first recognized the breed in its own right as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.The history of the breed in America is relatively recent. The first recorded Cavalier living in the United States was brought from the United Kingdom in 1956 by W. Lyon Brown, together with Elizabeth Spalding and other enthusiasts, she founded the Cavalier King Charles Club USA which continues to the present day. In 1994, the American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club was created by a group of breeders to apply for recognition by the.
The Cavalier would go on to be recognized by the in 1995, and the ACKCSC became the parent club for Cavaliers. Description.
Ruby Cavalier in the snowHistorically the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was a and is small for a, with fully grown adults comparable in size to adolescents of other larger spaniel breeds. Breed standards state that height of a Cavalier should be between 12 to 13 inches (30 to 33 cm) with a proportionate weight between 13 to 18 pounds (5.9 to 8.2 kg). The tail is usually not, and the Cavalier should have a silky coat of moderate length.
Standards state that it should be free from curl, although a slight wave is allowed. Feathering can grow on their ears, feet, legs and tail in adulthood. Standards require this be kept long, with the feathering on the feet a particularly important aspect of the breed's features.The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the English Toy Spaniel can often be confused with each other.
In the United Kingdom, the English Toy Spaniel is called the, while in the United States, one of the colors of the Toy Spaniel is known as King Charles. The two breeds share similar history and only diverged from each other about 100 years ago.
There are several major differences between the two breeds, with the primary difference being size. While the Cavalier weighs on average between 13 to 18 pounds (5.9 to 8.2 kg), the King Charles is smaller at 9 to 15 pounds (4.1 to 6.8 kg). In addition, their facial features, while similar, are different; the Cavalier's ears are set higher and its skull is flat, while the King Charles's skull is domed. Finally, the muzzle length of the Cavalier tends to be longer than that of its King Charles cousin. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Blenheim variety, with chestnut brown markings on a white background on its back, patches over eyes and all brown earsThe breed has four recognized colors. Cavaliers, which have rich chestnut markings on a pearly white background, are known as Blenheim in honor of, where, raised the predecessors to the Cavalier breed in this particular color. In some Blenheim dogs there is a chestnut spot in the middle of the forehead: this is called the 'Blenheim' spot.
The Blenheim spot is also known as the mark of the 'Duchess Thumb Print', based on the legend that while awaiting news of her husband's safe return from the, pressed the head of an expecting dam with her thumb, resulting in five puppies bearing the lucky mark after news that the battle had been won. Black and Tan are dogs with black bodies with tan highlights, particularly eyebrows, cheeks, legs and beneath the tail. Black and Tan is referred to as 'King Charles' in the King Charles Spaniel.
Ruby Cavaliers should be entirely chestnut all over, although some can have some white in their coats which is considered a fault under rules. The fourth color is known as Tricolor, which is black and white with tan markings on cheeks, inside ears, on eyebrows, inside legs, and on underside of tail.
This color is referred to as 'Prince Charles' in the. Chewing on a wooden stickPopularity According to statistics released by, Cavaliers were the sixth most popular dog in the United Kingdom in 2007 with 11,422 registrations in a single year. Were the most popular with 45,079 registrations in that year. Their popularity is on the rise in America; in 1998 they were the 56th most popular breed but in both 2007 and 2008 they were the 25th most popular. They ranked higher in some individual US cities in the 2008 statistics, being eighth in both and, seventh in, and, and sixth in both. The breed's popularity has continued to grow, ranking in 18th place in 2013.In 2009, the Cavalier was the fourth most popular breed in Australia with 3,196 registrations behind only,.
In addition, there are also national breed clubs in Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Spain and Sweden. Temperament. Blenheim markingsThe breed is highly affectionate, playful, extremely patient and eager to please. As such, dogs of the breed are good with children and other dogs.
Cavaliers are not shy about socializing with much larger dogs. They will adapt quickly to almost any environment, family, and location and suit city and country life. Their ability to bond with larger and smaller dogs makes them ideal in houses with more than one breed of dog as long as the other dog is trained. Cavaliers rank 44th in 's, being of average intelligence in working or obedience. Cavaliers are naturally curious and playful, but also enjoy simply cuddling up on a cushion or lap, making them excellent companion or lap dogs for medical patients and the elderly.Cavaliers are active and sporting.
Cavaliers are successful in conformation shows, obedience and agility and they also make wonderful therapy dogs due to their sweet, gentle natures. The breed is adaptable in their need for exercise, happy with either sleeping on the couch or taking long walks.
The breed is well known for its loving temperamentThey have an instinct to chase most things that move including vehicles on busy streets, and so most Cavaliers will never become 'street-wise'. As they tend to regard all strangers as friends, members of the breed will usually not make good guard dogs.
Spaniels have a strong instinct and may endanger birds and small animals. However, owners have reported that through training their Cavaliers live happily with a variety of small animals including and.The Cavalier's coat requires weekly brushing, but no trimming.
However, some owners prefer to trim their Cavalier's long feathers and slippers which can become very dirty when walking or playing outside.Health. Black-and-tan Cavalier King Charles SpanielCavaliers can notably be prone to, which leads to. This appears in many Cavaliers at some point in their lives and is the most common cause of death. Some serious genetic health problems, including early-onset (MVD), the potentially severely painful (SM), luxating patellas, and certain vision and hearing disorders are health problems for this breed. As today's Cavaliers all descend from only six dogs, any inheritable disease present in at least one of the original founding dogs can be passed on to a significant proportion of future generations.
This is known as the and is the likely cause of the prevalence of MVD in the breed. The health problems shared with this breed include mitral valve disease, and hereditary eye issues such as and.Cavaliers are also affected by ear problems, a common health problem among of various types, and they can have such other general conditions as, which are common across many types of dog breeds.Mitral valve disease. Further information:Nearly all Cavaliers eventually have, with heart murmurs which may progressively worsen, leading to.
This condition is (affected by multiple genes), and therefore all lines of Cavaliers worldwide are susceptible. It is the leading cause of death in the breed. A survey by of the United Kingdom showed that 42.8% of Cavalier deaths are cardiac related.
The next most common causes are cancer (12.3%) and old age (12.2%). The condition can begin to emerge at an early age and statistically may be expected to be present in more than half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels by age 5. It is rare for a 10-year-old Cavalier not to have a heart murmur. While heart disease is common in dogs generally – one in 10 of all dogs will eventually have heart problems – mitral valve disease is generally (as in humans) a disease of old age.
The 'hinge' on the heart's mitral valve loosens and can gradually deteriorate, along with the valve's flaps, causing a heart murmur (as blood seeps through the valve between heartbeats) then congestive heart failure. The Cavalier is particularly susceptible to early-onset heart disease, which may be evident in dogs as young as one or two years of age.Veterinary geneticists and cardiologists have developed breeding guidelines to eliminate early-onset mitral valve disease in the breed, but it is unclear if a statistically significant number of breeders follow these guidelines. The chairperson of the UK CKCS Club said in 2009: 'There are many members who are still not prepared to health check their breeding stock, and of those who do, it would appear that many would not hesitate to breed from affected animals.'
The MVD breeding protocol recommends that parents should be at least 2.5 years old and heart clear, and their parents (i.e., the puppy's grandparents) should be heart clear until age 5. Syringomyelia. Further information:Syringomyelia (SM) is a condition affecting the brain and spine, causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain and partial paralysis. It is caused by a malformation, commonly known as Chiari Malformation, in the lower back of the skull which reduces the space available to the brain, compressing it and often forcing it out (herniating it) through the opening into the spinal cord. This blocks the flow of (CSF) around the brain and spine and increases the fluid's pressure, creating turbulence which in turn is believed to create fluid pockets, or syrinxes (hence the term syringomyelia), in the spinal cord. Syringomyelia is rare in most breeds but has become widespread in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, with international research samples in the past few years consistently showing over 90% of Cavaliers have the malformation, and that between 30–70% have syrinxes.
However, most dogs with syrinxes are not symptomatic. Although symptoms of syringomyelia can present at any age, they typically appear between six months and four years of age in 85% of symptomatic dogs, according to Clare Rusbridge, a research scientist. Symptoms include sensitivity around the head, neck, or shoulders, often indicated by a dog whimpering or frequently scratching at the area of his neck or shoulder.
Scratching is often unilateral – restricted to one side of the body. Scratching motions are frequently performed without actually making physical contact with the body ('air scratching'). The scratching behavior appears involuntary and the dog frequently scratches while walking – without stopping – in a way that is very atypical of normal scratching ('bunny hopping'). Scratching typical of SM is usually worse when the dog is wearing a collar, is being walked on leash, or is excited, and first thing in the morning or at night.Not all dogs with SM show scratching behavior.
Not all dogs who show scratching behavior appear to be in pain, though several leading researchers, including Dr Clare Rusbridge in the UK and Drs Curtis Dewey and Dominic Marino in the US, believe scratching in SM cavaliers is a sign of pain and discomfort and of existing neurological damage to the region of the spine. If onset is at an early age, a first sign may be scratching and/or rapidly appearing. If the problem is severe, there is likely to be poor (awareness of body position), especially with regard to the forelimbs. Clumsiness and falling results from this problem.
Progression is variable though the majority of dogs showing symptoms by age four tend to see progression of the condition.A veterinarian will rule out basic causes of scratching or discomfort such as, and allergies, and then, primary secretory (PSOM – glue ear), as well as spinal or limb injuries, before assuming that a Cavalier has SM. PSOM can present similar symptoms but is much easier and cheaper to treat. Episodic Falling Syndrome can also present similar symptoms.
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An scan is normally done to confirm diagnosis of SM (and also will reveal PSOM). If a veterinarian suspects SM he or she will recommend an MRI scan.
Neurologists give scanned dogs a signed certificate noting its grade. Episodic Falling (EF). Ruby Cavalier King Charles Spaniel puppyEpisodic Falling causes 'exercise-induced paroxysmal hypertonicity' meaning that there is increased muscle tone in the dog and the muscles cannot relax. Previously thought to be a muscular disorder, it is now known to be neurological. EF is caused by a single recessive gene, and a genetic test is available. Except for severe cases, episodes will be in response to exercise, excitement or similar exertions.
Although EF is often misdiagnosed as epilepsy, which typically results in loss of consciousness, the dog remains conscious throughout the episode. Severity of symptoms can range from mild, occasional falling to freezing to seizure-like episodes lasting hours.
Episodes can become more or less severe as the dog gets older and there is no standard pattern to the attacks. The onset of symptoms usually occurs when a dog is between 4 months and 4 years of age.
It is similar to, a genetic disorder in. About 1% of Cavaliers are affected by the condition, with 19% being carriers. Dogs with whole colored coats were more likely to be affected than dogs with parti-colored coats. Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytopenia As many as half of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may have a congenital blood disorder called idiopathic asymptomatic, an abnormally low number of in the blood, according to recent studies in Denmark and the United States.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are disk-shaped blood elements which aid in blood clotting. Excessively low numbers are the most common cause of bleeding disorders in dogs. The platelets in the blood of many Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are a combination of those of normal size for dogs and others that are abnormally oversized, or macrothrombocytes. Macrothrombocytosis also is a congenital abnormality found in at least a third of CKCSs. These large platelets function normally, and the typical Cavalier does not appear to experience any health problems due to either the size or fewer numbers of its platelets.
Hip and knee disorders is a common genetic disease that affects Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. It is not present at birth but develops with age.
Hip dysplasia is diagnosed by X-rays, but it is not usually evident in X-rays of Cavaliers until they mature. Even in adult spaniels with severe hip dysplasia, X-rays may not always indicate the disease. In a series of evaluations by the, the Cavalier was ranked 78th worst out of 157 breeds. The worst affected breeds were the, and.Cavaliers can be subject to a genetic defect of the and knee called. This condition is most often observed when a puppy is 4 to 6 months old. In the most serious cases, surgery may be indicated. The grading system for the patella runs from 1 (a tight knee), to 4 (a knee so loose that its cap is easily displaced).
If a cavalier has a grade 1–2, physical rehabilitation therapy and exercise may reduce the grading and potentially avoid surgery. The grades 3–4 are most severe where surgery will most likely be needed to correct the problem to avoid the development of and lameness in the limb.
Eye problems A disorder commonly found in Cavaliers is, colloquially known as 'dry eye'. The usual cause of this condition is an reaction against the dog's lacrimal gland (tear gland), reducing the production of tears. According to the Canine Inherited Disorders Database, the condition requires continual treatment and if untreated may result in partial or total blindness.
This disorder can decrease or heal over time.A 1999 study of Cavaliers conducted by the Canine Eye Registration Foundation showed that an average of 30% of all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels evaluated had eye problems. They include hereditary,. Ear disorders Primary Secretory Otitis Media (PSOM), also known as glue ear, consists of a highly viscous mucus plug which fills the dog's middle ear and may cause the tympanic membrane to bulge. PSOM has been reported almost exclusively in Cavaliers, and it may affect over half of them. Because the pain and other sensations in the head and neck areas, resulting from PSOM, are similar to some symptoms caused by syringomyelia (SM), some examining veterinarians have mis-diagnosed SM in Cavaliers which actually have PSOM and not SM.Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed to a form of congenital deafness, which is present at birth, due to a lack of formation or early degeneration of receptors in the inner ear, although this is relatively rare. In addition, more recent studies have found Cavaliers that develop a progressive hearing loss, which usually begins during puppy-hood and progresses until the dog is completely deaf, usually between the ages of three and five years. The progressive nature of this form of deafness in Cavaliers is believed to be caused by degeneration of the hearing nerve rather than the lack of formation or early degeneration of the inner ear receptors.
Urban legend An claims that Charles II issued a special decree granting King Charles Spaniels permission to enter any establishment in the UK, overriding 'no dog except guide dogs' rules. A variant of this myth relates specifically to the. This myth is sometimes instead applied to the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.The UK Parliament website states: 'Contrary to popular rumor, there is no Act of Parliament referring to King Charles spaniels being allowed anywhere in the Palace of Westminster.
We are often asked this question and have thoroughly researched it.' Similarly, there is no proof of any such law covering the wider UK. A spokesman for the Kennel Club said: 'This law has been quoted from time to time. It is alleged in books that King Charles made this decree but our research hasn't tracked it down.' See also.Notes.
American Kennel Club. Retrieved 5 April 2010. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 15 November 2009.
The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club. Retrieved 17 November 2009. Archived from on 22 April 2009.
Retrieved 15 November 2009. Coile, D. Caroline (2008). Barron's Educational Series. Blenheim Company.
Retrieved 15 November 2009. Dupre, Malcolm. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
Lambert, Cathy (2008). AnimalInfo Publications. The Kennel Club. Retrieved 15 November 2009. (1911). London, England: Duckworth & Co. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
Moffat, Norma (2006). John Wiley & Sons. Wheeler, Cynthia A.
Ocular Disorders Presumed to be Inherited in Purebred Dogs. American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
Youatt, William (1852). Blanchard and Lea.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
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